Formative assessment free essay sample

Task outline Unit 007: Principles of evaluation in deep rooted realizing There are three learning results to this unit: 1. Get types and strategies for evaluation utilized in deep rooted learning 2. Comprehend approaches to include students in the appraisal procedure 3. Comprehend necessities for tracking appraisal in deep rooted learning Each learning result contains evaluation models against which the up-and-comer will be surveyed. For more data on the unit blueprint and appraisal rules please allude to the capability handbook. Task inclusion Task| | Evidence required| | Assessment standards covered| A| | Guidance document| | 1. 2, 1. 3| B| | Short-answer| | 1. 1| | Questions| | 2. 1, 2. 2| | 3. 1, 3. 2| Tasks Task AGuidance report There is another instructor in your group who is thinking that its hard to completely welcome the scope of appraisal strategies accessible and how to utilize them. Produce a direction report which clarifies all the pertinent focuses for the best utilization of appraisal strategies in long lasting learning, and include: an) a clarification of six evaluation techniques, recognizing when and how they would be utilized (ref. We will compose a custom article test on Developmental evaluation or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page . 2) b) an away from of four of those appraisal techniques that are the most proper to your aptitude explicit region, with a correlation of their qualities and impediments for meeting singular student needs. (ref. 1. 3) Task BShort-answer addresses Complete the short-answer questions. Errand a 1. Handy A Practical evaluation strategy is a â€Å"Hands on† method of surveying learner’s capacities. It shows that a student can finish a pre-indicated task in functional terms given the correct direction, apparatuses and hardware. A case of this is it would be a decent instrument for students with inabilities, for example, dyslexia or who may discover just academic(written) testing troublesome. Additionally it would be useful when the topic has been talking about a specialized subject. 2. Assignments Under this methodology, the student is required to deliver a bit of composed work based on a task or a contextual investigation. Potential arrangements are:- a paper on a particular course point, a contextual investigation report, a report on a pragmatic task, and so forth. Composed assignments permit the instructor or collaborator to survey the substance related capabilities just as the composing abilities of the student. The student may likewise be allowed a chance to protect the composed task orally as a feature of the last evaluation. This could advance Demonstration or improvement of more elevated level reasoning composition, oral introduction and let the teacher Observe community oriented and relational aptitudes. 3. Pretend Role-playing exercises help acquaint understudy with â€Å"real-world† circumstances (Oberle, 2004). Van Ments (1983) distinguished three general preferences to pretending Activities they are sure and safe in managing perspectives and emotions, they give a Safe scene to communicating individual and here and there disagreeable mentalities and assessments, and Role-playing is profoundly persuading as most of understudies appreciate these kinds of Activities and become progressively enlivened students. This technique could be utilized in a gathering setting that based around a topic where playing out explicit subtleties helps open the students mind in to ‘how and why’ the occasions happened. 4. Questions Questions can take numerous arrangements and be either oral or composed. Instances of inquiries utilized in surveying students understanding are coordinated inquiries, get out addressing and so on. These can challenge your learner’s potential and could help test basic contentions or thinking and thinking aptitudes. This could be utilized as a casual meeting to discover the scholarly degree of the students or as an underlying evaluation before creating the exercise plan. Open addressing is a snappy and simple method of surveying students understanding toward the finish of a point or subject inside a bigger unit. Care must be taken to guarantee all students are addressed for this situation. 5. Friend Assessment Peer-appraisal is that understudies are settling on evaluation choices on different students work or being surveyed by their companions. Student peer-evaluation can be utilized for practically any part of understudy execution, including papers, reports, etc, or test contents. It is increasingly regular, in any case, to utilize student peer-appraisal for proof identifying with introductions, exhibitions, down to earth work, etc. Student peer-appraisal can be unknown, with assessors haphazardly picked so companionship factors are more averse to contort the outcomes. student peer-appraisal can be single or different, and is generally viewed as working most adequately when more than one assessor evaluates every component of work, so consistency can be illustrated (or absence of consistency can make guides aware of issues with the appraisal measures, or the responsibility of understudies to peer-survey reasonably). 6. Work Product A work Product can take numerous structures. It produces proof that a student can create a predetermined thing when given direction and the fundamental apparatuses and gear. A case of this is a student finishing a carpentry course covering joints, sawing, nailing and so on. That student could then be approached to create a ‘Bird Box’ which would exhibit all the abilities and information learnt. Care must be taken when setting a â€Å"work product† as schoolwork when utilizing this as an evaluation technique. Students might be enticed to have the work item finished by another person. Viable AssessmentObserving/evaluating understudies doing a pragmatic activity| Authenticity of work-ready to see the work happenValidity-Enable aptitudes to be found in actionReliability-Watching the activity, ready to confirm Currency-Job explicit preparing being shownSufficiency-It is sufficient to see the preparation given being placed into practice| Time devouring Job specific| AssignmentsActivities or errands to cover both hypothesis and practice| Can help advance students potential or help with trainingCurrency-Able to follow the workReliability †Able to pass judgment on the learning level of the students. Legitimacy If the task is set for the student to finish time permitting there is a danger of plagiarismEach student must be separately evaluated and composed criticism given| Peer AssessmentLearners offering input to each other| Helps with student contribution and slip-ups can be corrected between the gathering without the need or the teacherCurrency-Assisted gaining fro m their friends helps progression| Sufficiency-May require help from the instructorLearners may require help on the most proficient method to offer input to the groupReliability | QuestionsA strategy for making a decision about comprehension and to elevate thinking| Reliability-Able to see information communicated in the appropriate responses given and grow if requiredValidity-Proves what has been educated is taken in by the learnerCan test thinking and thinking abilities likewise could challenge your understudies potential| Learners could impart the responses to one another if questions aren’t changed| Candidate nameDate Assessor nameDate 1. Clarify quickly the key highlights for every one of the accompanying sorts of evaluation: (ref. 1. 1) a. Beginning evaluation †¢A abilities check to set up current expertise levels †¢Identify a proper beginning stage for every understudy †¢Ensure the understudy realizes what is anticipated from them †¢Identify a suitable pace at which every understudy will advance †¢Inspire and rouse understudies †¢Identify any Additional Learning Support necessities b. Developmental appraisal †¢Ongoing process †¢Highlight any learning issues †¢Feedback to empower understudies to grow further †¢Can be utilized to recognize the prerequisites of mediation preceding the last summative evaluation c. Summative evaluation * End of unit check Learners complete appraisal which denotes the end learning, I. e Final test pass/fall flat * Normally to meet standards of the assessment board 2. What exercises or stages make up the appraisal cycle? (ref. 2. 1) †¢Initial Assessment †¢Assessment Planning †¢Assessment Activity †¢Assessment choice and criticism †¢Review of progress 3. Clarify how students can be engaged with their own evaluation during each phase of the appraisal cycle. (ref. 2. 1) Initial Assessment| Self-Assessment/Peer Assessment| Assessment Planning| Sit with the students to create an ILP. Arrange appraisal strategy| Assessment Activity| Projects, Written tests, Quizzes| Evaluation choice and feedback| Sit with the student to talk about outcomes and give positive input on results/improvement’sComplete students ILP| Review of progress| One on one premise to show how the students are advancing against appraisal rules and update ILPOne-to-one instructional exercises and reviews| 4. What is peer appraisal? (ref. 2. 2) Involves an understudy evaluating another student’s progress or being surveyed by their friends and assists with having a less conventional conversation between gatherings of individuals at a similar learning level 5. What is self-evaluation? (ref. 2. 2) This is an understudy evaluating their own advancement to see where they should be inside the rules spread out in the arrangement 6. For each kind of appraisal clarify how students can profit by partaking in these exercises inside the evaluation procedure and give models. (ref. 2. 2) Benefit| Examples| Friend Assessment1 Pick-up best practices2 Can lessen the measure of instructor assessment3 More open and simpler discussion(safe environment)4 Can recognize improvement regions that the educator has not distinguished | 1 Share thoughts with one another 2 Helps advance companion cooperation 3 Students may acknowledge remarks from peers more promptly from peers than from the assessor4 Can assist produce with bettering learning ability’s inside the group| self-assessment1 Encourages stude

Capital punishment should be abolished Essay Example

The death penalty ought to be abrogated Essay Example The death penalty ought to be abrogated Essay The death penalty ought to be nullified Essay There are around 1. 000 individuals condemned to perish on account of executing flagitious offense all inclusive every twelvemonth ( Rogers. 2012. equality. 10 ) . Nonetheless. a few states despite everything demand executing the expire discipline or capital punishment so as to chop down offense. In the twentieth century it is battled that estimation of life ought to be pressed together. what's more, everybody merits the option to last. For this ground. it very well may be contended that capital punishment ought to be annulled and entire life detainment ought to be actualized on the other hand. First. to determine offensive crime’ and capital punishment’ is of import. The meaning of flagitious offense contrasts relying upon the state. All things considered. it identifies with offenses of good turpitude’ . which are exceptionally fierce Acts of the Apostless including killing. colza. homicide and psychological militant act ( Tooby. 2012. equality. 1 ) . Interestingly. the meaning of capital punishment’ is increasingly concrete. It is characterized by the Oxford Dictionary ( 2012 ) as the legally approved vicious demise of individual as punishment for an offense. This incorporates destructive infusion. destructive gas. hanging. executed by terminating sqard. lapidating. beheading and consuming. This exposition will reason that capital punishment is against essential human rights. furthermore will turn out that criminals have been seen as guiltless after they have been executed. thirdly it will check the being of out of line decisions. At long last. this article will uncover counterarguments that help the expire discipline. using examples from Saudi Arabia. China and America as its guide to reason that capital punishment is primitive and unneeded. To get down with. blending to The Universal Human Rights Declaration ( 2012. equality. 3 ) Everyone has the privilege to life. self-governance and security of individual . in this way. in view of this premiss executing capital punishment is against fundamental human rights. Everybody has the privilege to last. no 1 can strip individuals of this right. non even the specialists. Since the privilege of people is ensured by statute. which can non strip anybody haphazardly of life ( Human Right Association. 2003. equality. 2 ) . Capital punishment. be that as it may. is an example that dismisses human rights. Moreover. the justness framework is set up to prevent offense and keep a quiet society ( UNICEF. 2003. equality. 7 ) . The perish discipline. by the by. exacts hurt upon another. which can possibly make alarm inside society ( Jayashree. 2010. equality. 7 ) . In this manner. capital punishment appears to contradict the set up justness framework. More awful still. some authoritiess execute criminals in a cool way. For outline. in Saudi Arabia. criminals are executed by beheading by cutting edge or lapidating wherby the criminals are assaulted by tossing rocks until they pass on ( Moni. 2010. equality. 6 ) . In this manner. capital punishment is a flagitious and cold demonstration of power that must be canceled so as to keep a compassionate society with zero resistance. Another ground of restricting capital punishment is that a few criminals have been seen as guiltless after they had been condemned and executed. in any case, they could neer return. By using entire life detainment. the activity brought by misconception can be stayed away from. One representation is Jiang Guoqing in Taiwan. China. He was executed in 1997 for the colza and killing of a 5-year-old miss. The natural structure of the miss was found in latrine of open help station staff of the Air Force Combat Command. The organization of test directed polygraph demonstrating on all troopers. by and by. simply Jiang did non base on balls. More awful still. a latrine tissue was found in the restroom which contained blend of Jiang’s natural structure liquid and blood of miss in light of the fact that Jiang utilized toilet previously. Because of find of this grounds. Jiang was sentenced for colza and killing. He was in the long run executed in 1997. however, his male parent battled for plea persistently because of lacking test in this case. At long last. the administrations reconsidered grounds left in the occasion in 2001. what's more, they found that Jiang was guiltless and the slayer was Huang. At long last. the existent slayer was condemned ( Tian. 2011 ) . After Jiang was executed. the notoriety of his entire family was wrecked. Will a specialists make up for this? The occurrence of Jiang is only a glimpse of something larger of fetus removal of justness that happens around the universe. there were boundless examples where criminals were discovered guiltless in the wake of executing. Tragically. the lives of these executed unpracticed people can non be returned. it is distinctly an offense submitted by the legislatures. It is typically trusted thatEveryone is equivalent and just in forepart of law’ . nonetheless. treacherous judgment despite everything exists in the lawful framework because of victimization various races and genders in certain states. Nagin and Piper nigrum ( 2009 ) contended that The Justice framework in South America is managed by same choose power development. Be that as it may, justness for Blacks is vindictive and enthusiastic. while for the Whites is common and balanced. The insights other than show that figure of inkinesss being executed are unquestionably more than Whites providing that about same figure of high contrast criminals perpetrate the offense in regards of disparity. The capital punishment record demonstrates that 706 people got the expire sentence since 1910. while 362. or then again to some degree the greater part. were truly executed. For the individuals being executed. there were 282 dark guys. 73 white guys. five Indian guys and two dark females where the insights was from the territories that holding heft of Whites. ( Laurence. 2012. p. 119 ) This grounds demonstrates that Blacks have a higher chance of having the expire discipline contrasting with Whites. Other than Jayashree ( 2010. equality. 6 ) states the hapless may non hold cash to connect with a lawyer to help them. Consequently. they have a nearly higher pace of detainment or even be executed. In add-on. in Saudi Arabia. grown-up females face the expire discipline by lapidating for criminal discussion. While it is typical for work powers to get hitched a couple of grown-up females. they do non persevere through any lawful impact for individual businesss ( Moni. 2010. equality. 1 ) . This uncovers out of line judgment exists for various genders. distinctive financial position and various races. Numerous individuals believe that executing capital punishment can chop down the figure of flagitious offense in the public eye because of dread of genuine punishment. While. the outcome of the expire discipline in ordering offense is as yet questionable. As help by Jayashree ( 2010. equality. 7 ) The pace of offense is 43 for each centum in the region that holding dead discipline while just 23 for every centum in region that without expire discipline in America. This shows the outcome of capital punishment may non be adequate in cut bringing down offense rates. Other than. there are numerous individuals anticipating vulnerability that cash spent in back uping the lives of criminals is considerably more than cost of capital punishment. Truth be told. the expense of actualizing the perish discipline is non low by any means. governments need cash to fix paperss, for example, Deoxyribonucleic corrosive preliminaries and a permit of expire for the criminal. Entire lives detainment is the most fit way to punish the criminals that executing flagitious offense. Jayashree. 2010. para6 guarantee that In gaol. decennaries and decennaries of life in a coop. in a situation of colza and power and being dealt with like quicken creatures is more terrible than the expire sentence. With the expire sentence. the distress is over quickly. It can other than alleviate the casualty family unit as the criminals languish in gaol over significant stretch of clasp. Other than. there is a decent possibility in gaol to permit them to reexamine themselves and give them a second chance to redress themselves. On the different manus. executing capital punishment is engrafting the develop of an oculus for an eye’ and an ear for an ear’ into society. In this way. get free ofing capital punishment is a solitary way non to permit this malevolent develop base on balls to our following coevals. All the more essentially. entire lives detainment do non permit criminals suffer from premature births of justness. To reason. since there are numerous weaknesses in shipping out capital punishment, for example, this is against human right. being of vile judgment and the result of perish discipline is as yet questionable. To rehash. capital punishment ought to be canceled and specialists should flexibly second open door for criminals to redress themselves.

Essay Topics on Benjamin Franklin

Essay Topics on Benjamin FranklinWhile researching the topic of a History Essay, you may come across historical topics that interest you but you're not sure what kind of essay to write. For this reason, it's a good idea to write about a topic that interests you or else you'll probably get frustrated and abandon the project before you get started.This is why knowing about historical topics is a great way to get started. The topics that interest you can be added to a topic list that will help you write your essay on the topic of your choice. While researching the topic of a History Essay, it's always a good idea to add topics to your list so that you don't get too caught up in it and lose sight of what you were originally planning to write.There are many different ways to research topics for an essay. You can check the internet, attend classes, talk to other writers, go to museums, do research on books or local history websites, etc. Some research projects allow you to use digital tool s while others require a lot of hands-on experience. If you aren't sure which approach to take, a simple rule of thumb is to write about something that interests you, and then add more to it once you have some idea about the subject.When I was writing my first Benjamin Franklin Essay, I was simply interested in how he lived his life. I focused on his political and social views, his hobbies, his work ethic, his family background, etc. Once I was familiar with the overall theme of his life, I could begin to understand how to write a unique and interesting history essay.Because Franklin was a very busy man, writing a biography of him required me to take a much broader look at his life and to see how each of his individual topic fit into it. His education, financial stability, political views, and personal life were all combined into a whole picture. Because of this I was able to achieve a well-rounded historical topic for my essay by creating a theme.While researching the topic of Hist ory Essay Topics on Benjamin Franklin, I found that his friendship with Thomas Jefferson helped define his career. In addition, Franklin was also very well known for his involvement in promoting peace, promoting science, and solving religious problems. All of these topics were a part of his life.Not all topics on a historical topic should be explored in an essay. While these topics may interest me, I may not relate to them enough to incorporate them into my essay. That's why having a separate list for my essay topics is so important.In order to write an essay on a Benjamin Franklin topic, you need to have researched the topic. Researching the topic of Benjamin Franklin is the first step in completing the overall goal of writing a history essay on the topic. So when researching the topic of History Essay Topics on Benjamin Franklin, take a look at his life and see how it relates to the topic you want to write about.

Leadership Theories And Theories Of Leadership - 1198 Words

Leadership is complex and, comprises of many definitions and qualities (Grimm 2010). One definition of leadership is ‘a multifaceted process of identifying a goal, motivating other people to act, and providing support and motivation to achieve mutually negotiated goals’ (porter-O’Grady 2003). Back in 1939 Kurt Lewin researched to identify different styles of leadership. According to his research, there are three major styles of leadership. Authoritarian or autocratic, participative or democratic and delegative or laizzes-fair. These three styles remain influential today. According to educational leaders.govt.NZ, leadership is about empowering, transforming and working together to meet schools and 21st century (www.tki).There are many leadership theories and from leadership theories comes leadership styles. the educational leadership model according to www.educational leaders.govt.nz identifies four qualities that build a leader s capability to enhance teaching and learning outcomes for the school: manaakitangi- leading with moral purpose, pono- having self-belief, ako- being a learner, awhinatanga -guiding and supporting. At the time of this initiative I was in a senior leader role and part of my job was develop the integration of e-learning into our daily class program. This initiative was lead by myself and the school s principal. When we first looked into this we knew that we needed to have students have access to computers throughout the day. This meantShow MoreRelatedTheories Of Leadership And Leadership Theories1234 Words   |  5 Pagesthat they lead. This case study aims to compare three of the more popular theories of leadership. These leadership theories are situational leadership, trait theory and transformational leadership. Summary of Theories Situational leadership, developed by professor Paul Hersey and author and consultant Ken Blanchard. Their approach was based off of a 1967 article by W.J. Reddin called The 3-D Management Style Theory. In his article, Reddin discusses the need to have different styles basedRead MoreLeadership Theory And Leadership Theories1659 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Leadership is not about a title or a designation. It s about impact, influence and inspiration. Impact involves getting results, influence is about spreading the passion you have for your work, and you have to inspire team-mates and customers.†- Robin S. Sharma. For decades, leadership theories have been the source of numerous studies. In reality as well as in practice, many have tried to define what allows authentic leaders to stand apart from the mass! Hence, there as many theories on leadershipRead MoreLeadership And Its Theory Of Leadership883 Words   |  4 Pages Leadership Leadership has been around for thousands of years, yet experts are still unable to agree on a universal definition. Perhaps it is because leadership is a complex, multidimensional concept that continuously evolves. Nevertheless, explaining leadership and its theories and approaches is a monumental task (Henman, n.d.). According to Day and Antonakis (2012), leadership is essentially an influencing process. Its effectiveness largely depends on leadership behaviors and followers perceptionsRead MoreThe Theory Of Leadership Theory940 Words   |  4 PagesChapter sixteen discusses various leadership theories which can implemented by leaders to achieve success. The choice of leadership theory differs from leader to leader as they possess different vision and way of managing. A theory isn t always perfect in itself, it is the endless effort of the leaders which makes the theory a perfect one. Two approaches of leadership that I prefer are Situational Leadership Theory and Servant Leadership Theory. Among many theories I prefer these two because I tendRead MoreThe Theory Of Leadership Theory868 Words   |  4 PagesChapter sixteen discusses various leadership theories which can implemented by leaders to achieve success. The choice of leadership theory differs from leader to leader as they possess diff erent vision and way of managing. A theory isn t always perfect in itself, it is the endless effort of the leaders which makes the theory a perfect one. Two approaches of leadership that I prefer are Situational Leadership Theory and Servant Leadership Theory. Among many theories I prefer these two because I tendRead MoreTheories Of Leadership And Leadership974 Words   |  4 PagesTheories of Leadership Introduction It is true that leadership and leadership theories in general, are not scientifically precise in nature. For example, some may argue that going into an apprentice program have a higher level of task-relevance education and/or experience in the field you choose. A higher relevance than a degree in Liberal Arts. Thus, one must evaluate the apprentice program and accept the responsibility of doing the apprentice work. A degree in Liberal Arts scientifically, isRead MoreThe Theory Of Leadership Theory1411 Words   |  6 Pages I do not believe that there is such thing as a correct leadership theory, there I said it, I’ve been holding it in an jesus does it feel great to get it out. Haha what I do believe in is awesome people, people who treat other people great and treat themselves and their business, foundation or institution great now that’s what I believe in. So in the sake of great leaders I will be taking on prompt number two and constructing my own theory by using 3 examples from the book and 6 sources that I willRead MoreSituational Leadership Theory Of Leadership1542 Words   |  7 Pagespowerful people? What do they have that the average person does not? Well, that answer is leadership skills. They did not know when they were born that they were going to become big leaders, but as they were growing up they learned what skills it took to allow them to become different from everyone else and become leaders. As we all know there is no magic when it comes to leadership. You either have the leadership skills or you don’t. While it is a learned behavior that begins at almost birth and isRead MoreLeadership Theories Of Situational Leadership866 Words   |  4 Pagesidea behind one of today’s most talked about leadership theories: Situational Leadership. The model, which celebrates a multitude of leadership styles instead of a single solution, has been considered a transformative and essential new way to manage and to lead. But what does it mean to be a situational leader? Is it always beneficial to change your approach to leading the troops? In this guide, we’ll examine the development of situational leadership, study its core elements and discover the qualitiesRead MoreSituational Leadership Theory Of Leadership Essay1214 Words   |  5 PagesSituational leadership can be defined as a concept that helps understand leadership in terms of changing environment. Situational leadership theory was developed in 1969 by Paul Hersey and Ken Blanchard. This type of leadership depends upon each individual situation. This theory requires an individual to analyze the needs according to a particular situation and then act towards it. Ability or maturity of the followers are equally important than leader who leads the situation. Situational leadership theory

Smart Cities - 716 Words

Smart Cities will be the biggest enabler of Internet of Things Before going on and on about the mentioned subject, a question must be answered. What is a smart city? A smart city is a city where modern technologies and advanced resources are used to uplift the standard of living with the society. The target is achieved with better resource management and adapting methods that are more in accordance with the environment. A smart city is a city which has lower levels of pollution and other adverse effects on the biosphere and environment around it. It might sound something of similitude from science fiction of some perfect utopian future where robots serve as personal comfort assistants of the Human race, people travelling in flying cars or†¦show more content†¦Firstly, to improve the basic public infrastructure with data analytics to support an all-round socio-economic and cultural development. Secondly, to increase the collective intelligence of the cities by engaging the masses in issues of local governance and other public affairs by use of open innovation and e-participation. Thirdly, a smart city uses IT to make the masses learn, adapt and innovate there by elevating the standards of the society and resulting in betterment of the society. Smart cities need smart and intelligent consumers and to achieve that, we have to evolve towards a strong integration of Human Intelligence, Collective Intelligence and Artificial Intelligence within the city. The intelligence of a city is intrinsically comprised of four components, such as the nerves (digital communication networks), the brains (embedded intelligence), the sensory organs (various sensors and tags and other input sources, both organic and artificial in nature) and the knowledge and cognitive competence (the various software that interprets the input data and applies the necessary outputs and modifications to the system). This form of Intelligence in a smart city can be demonstrated in following ways. Orchestration Intelligence, where institutions and community based problem solving and execution are implemented. Empowerment Intelligence, where the city provides elevated and empowered experimental infrastructures to promote collective and individualShow MoreRelatedSma rt City Is A Concept1091 Words   |  5 PagesSmart City is a concept that is currently popular in the world, where every country is trying to develop their metropolitan cities to achieve the status of a Smart City. Smart City can be defined as the utilization of ICT to feel, analyze, and integrate key informations that comes from the core of the city, which in this case, the government. While at the same time, Smart City can also give a smart response to the various needs of the citizens. Some examples being daily activities, environmentalRead MoreThe Concept Of A Smart City Essay2046 Words   |  9 PagesThe concept of a â€Å"Smart City† has been fashionable in recent years. Cities have claimed to be smart, based on their use of information and communication technology (ICT) for marketing purposes and to make it attractive to skilled labour. For a city to be smart, it has to be based on something more than ICT (Allwinkle Cruickshank, 2011). While there are a variety of definitions for a smart city, the key concept of a â€Å"Smart City† relates to the use of ICT infrastructure as a means to enable socialRead MoreThe Origin Of Smart City Movement794 Words   |  4 PagesNation, 2014). With this continuing of urbanization, the cities indicate a suffer on its fundamental functionalities to services citizens as a liveable place (Borja, 2007; Toppeta, 2010). This rapid transition raises the need in integrated policies to improve lives (United Nation, 2014). This gives birth of the new urban development concept leveraging new innovation introduced in the cities (Nam and Pardo, 2011). The origin of Smart City movement is dated back since late 1990 s (Bollier, 1998)Read MoreDevelopment Of Smart Cities Development1598 Words   |  7 PagesA Birdview on Emerging of Bigdata in Smart Cities Development Abstract: In the growing scenario, development of smart cities will be the most wanted area of research whose objective is to enhance the performance and well beings of people there by reducing the cost and consumption of resources. In a smart city, core fields like transport energy, health care, water industrial control, agriculture, waste management and soon are expected to function automatically and intelligently in a distributed mannerRead MoreFog Computing Of Smart City Essay1191 Words   |  5 Pages FOG COMPUTING IN SMART CITY Arti Agrahari Abstract: This paper represents a novel idea on how Fog computing can be used to manage the immense data generated in smart city. Fog computing can also be called as edge computing, is a distributed computing infrastructure in nature, for smart devices like mobile phones the application services should be maintained near the end user side but the services are handled at remote data server i.e. in cloud. Our aim is to reduce the amount of storage requiredRead MoreConstructing The Smart Cities - The Design Perspective1534 Words   |  7 Pages†¢Title Constructing the smart cities - The design perspective †¢Introduction Humanity has officially become an urban species with more than half of the global population living in urban areas, and this would increase to 70% by 2050 (Gruen, 2013). To response the living condition, smart city has been touted as a vanguard of strategies for urban development and regeneration. There exists some cities are over age world, while some of them seem immoderately technocratic and instrumental, as they haveRead MoreThematic Comparison Of Literature Of Smart Cities1625 Words   |  7 Pagescountry in major urban centres. This fact constantly evolves and would place all of city infrastructure. Parallel to this situation, there are problems in the various fields that determine the standard of living of a society such as health, transport, and environment and caused concerns about their solution. Growing urbanization and the serious economic and environmental challenges guide the creation of smart cities as how to offer technological solutions. This option is designed to bridge the gapRead MoreA Smart City Is Not Just About The Good Things905 Words   |  4 Pagesquote taken from author Anne-Marie Aguilar emphasizes this paper’s argument that the concept of a smart city has positive, but also negative impacts, such as generating class division and social inequality. However, because attention is direct ed towards the positive effects, this often leads one to overlook the primarily negative influence of this phenomenon. To start with, we define a smart city as a city in which ICT is merged with traditional infrastructures, coordinated and integrated using newRead MoreHow Will Our Daily Lives Within The City Of Tomorrow Unfold? What Disruptions Will Smart Systems?1813 Words   |  8 Pages How will our daily lives in the city of tomorrow unfold? What disruptions will smart systems, technologies of automation and constant connectivity bring to our lifestyles? Which new economic models will emerge and what will be the role of the nuances of different geographical areas? What effect will this development of future cities have on our natural resources and the environment? These are ideas and questions that I wish to speculate on and explore. Emergent technologies have advanced beyondRead MoreSmart City Based Smart Parking System Essay1268 Words   |  6 Pages Smart City Based Smart Parking System In Metropolitan Area Using R.F.I.D Rohini O. Mogarkar Electronic and Communication, Priyadarshini College Of Engineering,Nagpur, Maharashtra, India Abstract: The present day metropolitan areas have seen a burgeoning growth in human population as well as vehicles. With shrinking spaces, operating a managed, busy expensive parking lot having multiple gates can pose significant challenges , especially to a government organization

The Medias Influence on Health Essay - 2760 Words

The mass media (including everything from television and music to popular novels and fan cultures), creates an endless and accessible flow of information. What we know about the world beyond out immediate surroundings comes to us via the media (Yates 1999). The technology of electronic media and the art of advertising have combined to create very powerful tools of influence. These tools are capable of shaping the attitudes, values and behaviors of large numbers of people (Walsh.) By identifying and examining the various forms of health information contained in the media, problems arise because the media does not present its messages in a neutral and straightforward way. Because the media distorts reality, the public must become more†¦show more content†¦The stages include pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation or decision, action and maintenance. The model views behavior change as a process in which individuals are at various stages of readiness to change. The Stages of Change Model is not linear, and individuals can enter and exit at any point and may repeat a stage several times. This acknowledges that not everyone is ready to change behavior. The Social Cognitive Theory proposes that behavior change is influenced by the environment, personal factors, and aspects of the behavior itself. The theory explains ways individuals gain and maintain attention, specifically addressing the processes of attention, retention, reproduction and motivation. Individuals experience an education process consisting of reinforcement, self-efficacy, behavioral capacity (learning what to do and how), expectations, and outcome expectancy. Social Cognitive theory helps a health educator understand the complex relationships between the individual and his or her environment, how actions and conditions reinforce or discourage change, and the importance of believing in and knowing how to change (Health Behavior Models, 1998.) 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Also, whileRead MoreMass Media s Influence On Body Image1414 Words   |  6 Pa gesMass Media’s Influence on Body Image Over the years a debate over who is to blame over the decline in how girls perceive themselves has arisen. With Photoshop being the societal norm concerning the media, it has become difficult for many to understand where the line between real and near impossible standards lies. Youths see an image edited to â€Å"perfection† and strive to reach the standards that they imagine due to the images displayed on magazines, television and social media. From Disney to magazines

Marketing Plan for Subway Restaurant free essay sample

Fiscal policies are effective in increasing the leakage rates from the circular income flow, thereby rejecting all further additions into this particular flow of income. Following are a few types of fiscal policies commonly employed: * Lowering the expenses on governmental level * A fall in the borrowing amounts in the government sectors, on an annual basis * High direct taxes, for reducing the disposable income Monetary Policies: Monetary Policies have a great role to play in controlling Inflation An escalation in the interest rates brings about a reduction in collective demands, in the following three ways: * A rise in the interest rate discourages borrowing from both companies and households. When interest rates increase, it simultaneously encourages the savings rate, owing to an escalation in the opportunity cost of expenditure. * Rise in the interest rates is a very useful tool for restricting monetary inflation. Increase in the real rates of interest decreases the demand for loans, thereby limiting the growth of broad money. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Plan for Subway Restaurant or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page * There may also be a fall in the commercial investments, due to a rise in the costs of borrowing money. This exerts a direct influence on a handful of planned investment-related projects, which turn out to be unprofitable . This leads to a fall in the collective demand. * An increase in the payment of mortgage interests automatically decreases the real effective disposable income of the house owners, as well as their spending capacities. Escalation in the mortgage costs also decreases the demand generated in the housing markets. Exchange Rates: An escalation in the exchange rate is possible by increasing the rates of interest or buying money through the central bank interferences in the foreign exchange markets. The short-term means of controlling Inflation are as follows: * Income policies or direct wage controls: Setting restrictions on the growth rate of wages may decrease  cost push  inflation. The long-term means of controlling Inflation are as follows: * Supply-side Reform Policy * Policy regarding labor market reforms

Post Natal Development In Human Beings And The Factors That Influence Language And Cognitive Development

Selma Lagerlof Biography

Selma Lagerlof Biography Selma Lagerlf Facts Known for:  writer of literature, especially novels, with themes both romantic and moral; noted for moral dilemmas and religious or supernatural themes.  First  woman, and first Swede, to win the  Nobel Prize for Literature. Dates:  November 20, 1858 - March 16, 1940 Occupation: writer, novelist; teacher 1885-1895 Also Known as: Selma Lagerlof, Selma Ottilia Lovisa Lagerlà ¶f, Selma Otti Lagerlà ¶f Early Life Born in Vrmland (Varmland), Sweden, Selma Lagerlà ¶f grew up on the small estate of Mà ¥rbacka, owned by her paternal grandmother Elisabet Maria Wennervik, who had inherited it from her mother. Charmed by her grandmothers stories, reading widely, and educated by governesses, Selma Lagerlà ¶f was motivated to become a writer. She wrote some poems and a play. Financial reversals and her fathers drinking, plus her own lameness from a childhood incident where shed lost use of her legs for two years, led to her becomind depressed. The writer Anna Frysell took her under her wing, helping Selma decide to take a loan to finance her formal education. Education After a year of preparatory school Selma Lagerlà ¶f entered the Womens Higher Teacher Training College in Stockholm. She graduated three years later, in 1885. At school, Selma Lagerlà ¶f read many of the nineteenth centurys important writers Henry Spencer, Theodore Parker, and Charles Darwin among them and questioned the faith of her childhood, developing a faith in the goodness and morality of God but largely giving up traditional Christian dogmatic beliefs. Starting Her Career The same year that she graduated, her father died, and Selma Lagerlà ¶f moved to the town of Landskrona to live with her mother and aunt and to begin teaching. She also began writing in her spare time. By 1890, and encouraged by Sophie Adler Sparre, Selma Lagerlà ¶f published a few chapters of Gà ¶sta Berlings Saga in a journal, winning a prize that enabled her to leave her teaching position to finish the novel, with its themes of beauty versus duty and joy versus good. The novel was published the next year, to disappointing reviews by the major critics. But its reception in Denmark encouraged her to continue with her writing. Selma Lagerlà ¶f then wrote Osynliga lnkar (Invisible Links), a collection including stories about medieval Scandinavia as well as some with modern settings. Sophie Elkan The same year, 1894, that her second book was published, Selma Lagerlà ¶f met Sophie Elkan, also a writer, who became her friend and companion, and, judging from the letters between them that survive, with whom she fell deeply in love. Over many years, Elkan and Lagerlà ¶f critiqued each others work. Lagerlà ¶f wrote to others of Elkans strong influence on her work, often disagreeing sharply with the direction Lagerlà ¶f wanted to take in her books. Elkan seems to have become jealous of Lagerlà ¶fs success later. Full Time Writing By 1895, Selma Lagerlà ¶f gave up her teaching completely to devote herself to her writing. She and Elkan, with the help of proceeds from Gà ¶sta Berlings Saga and a scholarship and grant, traveled to Italy. There, a legend of a Christ Child figure that had been replaced with a false version inspired Lagerlà ¶fs next novel, Antikrists mirakler, where she explored the interplay between Christian and socialist moral systems. Selma Lagerlà ¶f moved in 1897 to Falun, and there met Valborg Olander, who became her literary assistant, friend, and associate. Elkans jealousy of Olander was a complication in the relationship. Olander, a teacher, was also active in the growing woman suffrage movement in Sweden. Selma Lagerlà ¶f continued to write, especially on medieval supernatural and religious themes. Her two part novel Jerusalem brought more public acclaim. Her stories published as Kristerlegender (Christ Legends) were received favorably both by those whose faith was rooted firmly in the Bible and by those who read the Bible stories as myth or legend. The Voyage of Nils In 1904, Lagerlà ¶f and Elkan toured Sweden extensively as Selma Lagerlà ¶f began work on an unusual textbook: a Swedish geography and history book for children, told as a legend of a naughty boy whose travels on the back of a goose help him become more responsible. Published as Nils Holgerssons underbara resa genom Sverige (The Wonderful Voyage of Nils Holgersson), this text came to be used in many Swedish schools. Some criticism for scientific inaccuracies inspired revisions of the book. In 1907, Selma Lagerlà ¶f discovered her familys former home, Mà ¥rbacka, was for sale, and in terrible condition. She bought it and spent some years refurbishing it and buying back the surrounding land. Nobel Prize and Other Honors In 1909 Selma Lagerlà ¶f was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature. She continued to write and publish. In 1911 she was awarded an honorary doctorate, and in 1914 she was elected to the Swedish Academy the first woman so honored. Social Reform In 1911, Selma Lagerlà ¶f spoke at the International Alliance for Female Suffrage. During World War I, she maintained her stance as a pacifist. Her discouragement about the war diminished her writing in those years, as she put more effort into pacifist and feminist causes. Silent Films In 1917, the director Victor Sjà ¶strà ¶m began to film some of the works of Selma Lagerlà ¶f. This resulted in silent films in every year from 1917 to 1922. In 1927, Gà ¶sta Berlings saga was filmed, with Greta Garbo in a major role. In 1920, Selma Lagerlà ¶f had a new house built at Mà ¥rbacka. Her companion, Elkan, died in 1921 before the construction was completed. In the 1920s, Selma Lagerlà ¶f published her Là ¶wenskà ¶ld trilogy, and then she began publishing her memoirs. Resistance Against Nazis In 1933, in Elkans honor, Selma Lagerlà ¶f donated one of her Christ legends for publication to earn money to support Jewish refugees from Nazi Germany, resulting in German boycotts of her work. She actively supported the Resistance against the Nazis. She helped support efforts to get German intellectuals out of Nazi Germany, and was instrumental in getting a visa for the poet Nelly Sachs, preventing her deportation to the concentration camps. In 1940, Selma Lagerlà ¶f donated her gold medal for war relief for the Finnish people while Finland was defending itself against the Soviet Unions aggression. Death and Legacy Selma Lagerlà ¶f died on March 16, 1940, some days after sufering a cerebral hemorrhage. Her letters were sealed for fifty years after her death. In 1913, critic Edwin Bjà ¶rkman wrote of her work: We know that Selma Lagerlà ¶fs brightest fairy raiments are woven out of what to the ordinary mind seem like the most commonplace patches of everyday life and we know as well that when she tempts us into far-off, fantastical worlds of her own making, her ultimate object is to help us see the inner meanings of the too often over-emphasized superficial actualities of our own existence. Selected Selma Lagerlof Quotations Strange, when you ask anyones advice you see yourself what is right. It is a strange thing to come home. While yet on the journey, you cannot at all realize how strange it will be. There isnt much that tastes better than praise from those who are wise and capable. For what is a mans soul but a flame? It flickers in and around the body of a man as does the flame around a rough log.

EXAM # 2 - Dunkin Brands Group, Inc. (DNKN) Research Paper

EXAM # 2 - Dunkin Brands Group, Inc. (DNKN) - Research Paper Example According to the firm’s 2013 Annual Report the specific strategy offers to the company the following advantage: being released from the costs related to the daily operations of its restaurants, the firm is able to emphasize on sectors that are critical for the business success, such as ‘menu innovation, marketing and franchisee support’ (2013 Annual Report, p. 1). The above strategy of Dunkin’ Brands Group can be characterized as an ‘Analyzer’ strategy (Daft 2010, p.71) since the following term is met: the firm keeps certain parts of its strategy stable, such as the use of franchise, while other parts are continuously updated; the continuous changes on the firm’s menu are examples of this practice. Moreover, the overall strategy of the firm can be characterized as aligned with the rules of geocentrism (Culpan 2002, p.51) since key the firm’s units worldwide are considered as part of an integrate business unit, even if the method o f franchise is employed by the firm for securing global expansion. The establishment of long-term objectives is a critical part of the strategic planning process (Lussier 2008, p.123). The long – term objectives have the following characteristic: the time required for their achievement can be long, usually more than a year (Lussier 2008). In the case of Dunkin’ Brands Group the increase of the number of the firm’s units worldwide can be considered as one of the firm’s long-term objectives (2013 Annual Report, p.2). The improvement of the firm’s ‘relationship with its franchisees’ (2013 Annual Report, p.2) is another key long-term objective of Dunkin’ Brands Group. The development of an effective business strategy can require different strategic tools; the organization chart is one of these tools. The organization chart shows the business units so that existing business infrastructure can fully support daily business operations (Karami 2007, p.163). Organization chart is quite valuable

Leadership Argument Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Leadership Argument - Essay Example There have been various types of leadership whose distinction is based on the resultant effects. While the major effects are those affecting the business and the affairs of the state, the overall impacts to the people makes the study of leadership imperative. Leadership has been described as a way through which things are done. However, a particular type of leadership can result into benefits to people or sometimes disadvantage them. In this case, people normally depend on the decisions made by the society and the other ruling authorities, such as governments. Some others like Tracy (2014) believes that leadership is more necessary and critical than before. The leadership that benefits the people must be under people who are visionary and courageous. Such leaders can chart new seas as well as break new grounds (Arvey, Rotundo, & Johnson, 2006). An effective leadership will definitely make the difference even in ordinary situations and in little things. This encompasses simple things like helping people work excellently and nicely. Normally, effective leadership is independent of the setting. Delivery will be based on the passion of the leader and the desire to impact the people around positively, irrespective of the level of dependency of the subordinates. Taking the example of a school setting, a good leader will instill the value to both the students and the teachers. Basically, leadership is not about being the boss but is about making positive impacts on the lives of others. It is, therefore, imperative that effective leadership characterize all aspects of the lives of people, both at individual and society levels. There are various aspects that make goods leadership (Bonnici, 2011). Leadership depends on the type and personality of the leader. While it is true that leaders are not born but made, it is also true that leadership a group does not depend fully on the influence of degree of power of the leader. First of all,

Life Cycle Analysis of Compact Discs

Life Cycle Analysis of Compact Discs Making products like CDs and DVDs consumesnatural resources, produces waste, anduses energy. CDs and DVDs are created from many different materials, including metals, plastics,and dyes. The discs are packaged in clear or colored plastic cases or cardboard boxes, wrapped inplastic, and sent to distribution centers and retail outlets around the world. If properly stored andhandled, most CDs and DVDs will last for decades, and probably centuries. Depending on theircondition, unwanted discs can be reused or recycled instead of thrown away, saving energy andvaluable resources.(Mastny, 2004) Kevin Ye Environmental impacts as a result from the various stages of compact discs Raw material extraction First step of producing the compact discs is extraction of raw material. These raw materials include aluminum, gold, silver, nickel which required mined and refinement, as well as plastic obviously. In this step, waste produced from mining is disposed of into bodies of water. Extraction of crude oil to produce plastic (for packing and the discs itself) creates waste and toxic chemicals. (Please see Appendix) The energy used to acquire raw materials includes mining and extracting. Materials are extracted from the earth in the form of Bauxite ore, which has 15-20% Aluminum (0.902 J/g). The embodied energy for Aluminum is 211 GJ/ton and it includes all the energy required to make the material. The process includes ore mining, ore crushing, and ore transportation. Mining and crushing entails machinery use, which requires mechanical and electrical energy. (Liao, 2014) In conclusion, the impact to the environment brought by producing CDs is already obvious and prominent, at both energy consumption perspective and wastes producing. Manufacturing Smelting aluminum generates fluoride waste. Hydroelectric power stations release greenhouse gasses and damage the ecosystem processing in different locations contribute to waste from transportation namely greenhouse gasses. Manufacturing and processing raw materials follow mining. First, an injection molding machine creates the core of the disk from Polycarbonate (plastic). It is then coated with aluminum and metal layers through a process called sputtering. After both sides of the disk are completed, theyre combined with a hot melt(specific heat capacity at 1.3 J/g). The metal is shaped and rolled. A CD/DVD undergoes a further manufacturing process which a specialized computer embeds digital information onto the disk through tiny indents made by several tons of pressure. The exterior of the DVD is then coated with a layer of lacquer, a transparent material designed to repel dust and resist fingerprints and scratch marks. Lastly, the disk is decorated with additional layers by ink for labeling or artworks (Liao, 2014). During this step, the damage to the ecosystem kept raising. Distribution The European market for music CDs is expanding rapidly, with almost 2.9 billion compact discs produced in Western Europe in 1998. In 2000, more than 700 compact disc factories were operating worldwide (Mastny, 2004). We can see that the development of manufacturing CD and the demand kept rising worldwide. It helps the music industry and others entertainment industries to distribute all their artworks to spread around the world. However, the energy consumed by the transportation of these products is also visible. The most important thing is that, each month, more than 45 tons of CDs become obsolete-outdated, useless, or unwanted. Each year, more than 55 million boxes of software go to landfills and incinerators, and people throw away millions of music CDs (Mastny, 2004). Especially nowadays, with the development of digital music and videos, the demand directly falls. The wasted energy and produced wastes given by transporting these products are not totally paid by the market, and they are literally damaging the environment. Its totally claimed that this industry is having a situation that supply offered is way higher than the demand from the market. Product use Energy is embodied in maintaining, using and reusing CD/DVDs. DVD players use 15 Watts of energy and are considered a stable product. They can last for decades when treated with care and not exposing them to humidity, extreme temperatures, and light. Energy can be conserved by reusing and maintaining CDs/DVDs (Liao, 2014). Thus, in this stage of using the CDs or DVDs, it doesnt consume that much of energy and produce waste. Disposal In the past decades, most of dumped compact discs go to landfills or incinerators. However, with the CD industries receiving impacts from digital memories industries, the quantity of CD production and disposal have been reduced a lot. And apparently there are better ways of dealing with useless unwanted discs. Reuse is the best option for DVDs because it generates the least amount of waste. Unwanted DVDs can be resold, given away, or donated to schools, libraries and other organizations. Moreover, there are a lot of innovative designs such as using unwanted discs into new decorations on walls. Synopsis about how the research has impacted my purchase decision-making By conducting this life cycle research of CDs, I was deeply impacted. I was a collector of CD music albums. I collected more than 200 CDs in my home. I purchased CDs and DVDs by my preferences. As long as I like the music of the singer or the movie, I would definitely purchase those CDs and DVDs. However, by learning the fact that producing compact discs and disposal of them would create a huge damage to our environment, I have decided to try not to buy new CDs and DVDs anymore. I will support those amazing music or video by purchasing digital albums or watching them on paid platforms, such as Amazon.com, Netflix. Appendix (Liao, 2014, retrieved from http://www.designlife-cycle.com/dvds/) References Liao, I. (2014). CD and DVD Embodied Energy. Retrieved from http://www.designlife-cycle.com/dvds/ Mastny, L. (2004). Good stuff? A Behind-the-Scenes Guide to the Things We Buy. CDs and DVDs. Retrieved from Blackboard provided by Amanda.

At the Ball Game :: essays research papers

With the thousands of poems depicting the game of baseball and its remarkable players, coming across a poem seeking thorough cross sectioning of the crowd is unusual, and rarely encountered. William Carlos Williams has created a poem which portrays the crowd as a quasi-organized mob bent on either cheering for their team, or in turn, booing them. The reason why Williams does this is because he is portraying, in a sense, simplicity versus chaos with simplicity being the game of baseball itself and chaos being the crowd.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The game of baseball is simple and to the point. One throws the ball, fields the ball and uses a bat to hit the ball. The crowd however is complex with many fields acting upon it. Emotions and the vast consumption of alcoholic beverages turn the crowd into a dangerous mob. With references to stanza’s ten and eleven, it tells of how the Jew and the flashy female understand what is happening as emotions increase. Stanza ten refers to sexual assault and stanza eleven refers to the genocidal attempt by Hitler and his Nazi regime.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Williams tells of how the crowd acts and moves as one. He refers to these people which make up the crowd as drones, completely and uninterruptedly tuned into what is happening on the diamond. Williams believes this to be beautiful, for even in its chaos, there is a sense of uniformity. He also tells of how the crowd is drawn to the game for its exciting chase. This simple form of a game can stimulate a crowd into becoming a mob that could be perceived as dangerous.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ultimately, Williams believed that the crowd was but one emotion, one movement and one person all in the same. The game of baseball is nothing without the roar of the crowd and its summer solstice. To these people that make up the crowd, it is every man’s dream, it is the cheering and laughing that keep them going, it is baseball. At the Ball Game :: essays research papers With the thousands of poems depicting the game of baseball and its remarkable players, coming across a poem seeking thorough cross sectioning of the crowd is unusual, and rarely encountered. William Carlos Williams has created a poem which portrays the crowd as a quasi-organized mob bent on either cheering for their team, or in turn, booing them. The reason why Williams does this is because he is portraying, in a sense, simplicity versus chaos with simplicity being the game of baseball itself and chaos being the crowd.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The game of baseball is simple and to the point. One throws the ball, fields the ball and uses a bat to hit the ball. The crowd however is complex with many fields acting upon it. Emotions and the vast consumption of alcoholic beverages turn the crowd into a dangerous mob. With references to stanza’s ten and eleven, it tells of how the Jew and the flashy female understand what is happening as emotions increase. Stanza ten refers to sexual assault and stanza eleven refers to the genocidal attempt by Hitler and his Nazi regime.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Williams tells of how the crowd acts and moves as one. He refers to these people which make up the crowd as drones, completely and uninterruptedly tuned into what is happening on the diamond. Williams believes this to be beautiful, for even in its chaos, there is a sense of uniformity. He also tells of how the crowd is drawn to the game for its exciting chase. This simple form of a game can stimulate a crowd into becoming a mob that could be perceived as dangerous.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ultimately, Williams believed that the crowd was but one emotion, one movement and one person all in the same. The game of baseball is nothing without the roar of the crowd and its summer solstice. To these people that make up the crowd, it is every man’s dream, it is the cheering and laughing that keep them going, it is baseball.

Cultures: Theoretical Models

Cultures: Theoretical Models Walden University Cross-Cultural psychology examines human activities in various cultural settings, by engaging several approaches. Some of these approaches were self evident from the course video dealing with the Thailand women cultural wear of brass neck shackles. Evolutionary Perspective The culture of wearing brass neck shackles by the Thailand women is described by the relative evolutionary factors affecting human behavior. Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection postulates that organism evolve with the pursuit of the biological traits that will promote longevity and survival. Such traits—aggressiveness, initiative, curiosity, obedience, intelligence, etc. , are so selected to reproduce offspring that will permeate and advance same competitive, advantageous genes to unending generations. These desired or preferred genetic—biological inheritance, elicited or interpreted in the form of beauty, reproductive behavior, proportional body size, bodily hormones, etc. form the bases for the cultural persuasion, (Shiraev & Levy, 2010). The sexes utilize these endowments as a measure of selection or discrimination for or against opposite sexes. Applicably, in the case of the Thailand women, the evolutionary perspective will continue to maintain and uphold this culture of elongating the neck by wearing the brass-neck shackles, because the culture promotes the selection of mates with long neck as a desired gene and shows altruism in a woman; the women, on the other hand, display the feature of a long neck as an attraction for the right mate. By right mate, the woman, who, by nature, longs for stability and security, targets material support in a partner. Sociological Approach Sociological Approach is a â€Å"general view of human behavior that focuses on broad social structures that influence society as a whole, and subsequently its individuals;† (Shiraev & Levy, 2010). Society as an entity creates social structures that are purposefully designed to assure its stability and conformity among its citizens. By creating these social norms, the society then imposes acceptance and subordination on the people. By default, the citizens of the society are nurtured and naturalized by the prescribed ethics and values. Consequently, these cultural norms and values are upheld in high esteem as a regulator of its citizen ideals, moral behaviors, ethics and expectations. Resultantly, the citizens pass on these cultural values or traditions from generation to generation, (Shiraev & Levy, 2010). Upon the above premises, the traditional Thailand custom—women wear of neck shackles to elongate the neck, reinforces the societal expectations by subjectively promoting the act as a required and desirable form of beauty; the transference of the norm to posterity. Ecocultural Approach Using the ecocultural approach, explain how the woman’s interaction with the environment supports the actions she takes. The above approach coincides with the principle that entities are the product of their environment. In essence, individuals interact with the domain environmental factors; have the ability to transform it and to be transformed by it. These environmental factors relate to ecological context—the economic activity of the population in reference to austerity of food, quality of nutrition, homeostasis, as well as, the density of the population. All these exert a considerable impact on individual. Another factor is the sociopolitical context—relates to the degree of the people’s involvement in both global and local decisions. Inclusive in this context are the presence or absence of political freedoms, ideological values and organization of government, (Shiraev & Levy, 2010). Thus, economically hostile environment creates cross-cultural differences, hence, the less privileged will be concerned or consumed with fending for daily scour; as a result, retain a culture of their own environment. As well, in politically unstable environments, long term customs are affected adversely. In the case of the action of the woman in the video, fleeing her country of origin to Thailand, to preserve her custom of wearing brass neck shackles intended to stretch the neck, was prompted by political instability and hostile environment, when in 1962, the Military Government decided to modernize the society and get rid of all primitive and tribal customs. All three approaches of examining human activities in human cultural settings—evolutionary, sociological and ecocultural approaches share similarities, among which are: They human organisms in a given setting maintain a defining culture or custom that governs their ways of life. These customs uphold their value system and detect their moral and ethical behaviors. Secondly, all three approaches show that these traditions, customs or culture are die-hard; and they are passed on from generation to generation. Nonetheless, certain differences exist among them. Firstly, while evolutionary approach observes culture or custom development from a natural selective—biological, principle and its outcome or foundation remains solid, the sociological approach deals with the development of culture through the impart of large social groups or institutions. The customs from the preceding setup are prone to undergo changes or reformations that produce societal disorder, economic disenfranchisement and dual-social order. Evidently, every society is regulated by one form of culture or the other. Such culture can be denoted with modernization, traditional or both. The clearer understanding of the custom of wearing brass neck shackles—for neck elongation, as shown on the video, was provided evolutionary approach. This is because of theory of natural selection; in which a desired trait is preserved and showcased. Such that, in the case of the Thailand women, the custom is the means of being selected by and attracted to the well-off men for economic security. Reference: Shiraev, E. , & Levy, D. (2010). Cross-cultural psychology: Critical thinking and contemporary applications (4th ed. ). Boston: Allyn and Bacon, Pearson Education, Inc.

Ebenezer Scrooge in A Christmas Carol - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 791 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/08/08 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: A Christmas Carol Essay Did you like this example? In the novella, A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens, the main character, Ebenezer Scrooge is a tight-fisted, crotchety pessimist who despises everything that is Christmas. He has little patience or understanding of those who value human connection and the spirit of giving, over idolizing money and financial status. With a permanent scowl on his face and a harsh biting tone, Scrooge chases away a young boy caroling outside his workplace and even chastises his demure employee Bob Cratchit, suggesting that he was scamming him out of money because Cratchit wants to spend Christmas with his family. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Ebenezer Scrooge in A Christmas Carol" essay for you Create order Despite this miserly disposition, however, Scrooge rediscovers the value of love and human connection after enlightening visits from three ghosts of Christmas past, present and future. Through hardships in his life, including being forgotten by his father at a boarding school during his youth, Scrooge has grown a hard-outer shell that appraises the worthiness of ones life based solely upon their financial security. This personal philosophy comes in direct conflict with the joy and good cheer of Christmas. After his young enthusiastic nephew, Fred, pays his uncle a visit at his counting house to extend an invitation to Christmas dinner, Scrooge is clearly annoyed by this exuberance. Every idiot who goes about with a Merry Christmas on his lips, should be boiled with his own pudding, and buried with a stake of holly through his heart. He should. (1.4) The descriptive nature of Scrooges words portray just how disengaged his thought processes are when surrounded by kindness and warmth. He shuts people out by lashing out with scathing words ending any further conversation on the matter. This demeanor is further exemplified when Scrooge is asked to give a donation to hel p the poor enjoy a nice Christmas meal. The destitute personify weakness and ineptitude to Scrooge. The solicitors are new to the area and clearly have no idea with whom they are speaking. First Scrooge suggests that the prison system and workhouses are fine institutions where the poor can find a meal. He followed this proclamation with the remark, If they would rather die, they had better do it, and decrease the surplus population.(1.6) Through his journey with the ghost of Christmas past, Scrooge relives moments of his childhood. He fondly recalls his little sister Fran and the special bond the two shared. Although he mourns her untimely death, he is reminded that she lives on through her only child, Fred. And it is to Freds home that the ghost then visits with Scrooge. Here they witness a group of friends dancing, laughing, and bonding with each other. Scrooge subtly taps his foot along to the music and even asks the ghosts to stay a bit longer. Yet it is at the home of Bob Cratchit where Scrooge makes a discovery that perpetuates his transformation. Although Cratchit has been employed for years by Marley and Scrooge, Scrooge realizes that he never knew that one of his children, Tim, was crippled. Scrooge seems to be sincerely concerned for the young Cratchits wellbeing. Spirit, said Scrooge, with an interest he had never felt before, tell me if Tiny Tim will live.(3.29) This shows a level of care and empathy that Scrooge had not demonstrated thus far in the novella. Nevertheless, after all three ghosts have paid their visit, Scrooges desire to seek redemption is clear. He does not want to be bound in chains by his past regressions. He went to church, and walked about the streets, and watched the people. Hurrying to and fro, and patted children on the head, and questioned the beggars, and looked down into the kitchens of houses, and up to the windows and found that everything could yield him pleasure. He had never dreamed that any walk- that anything- could give him so much happiness. In the afternoon he turned his steps towards his nephews house. (5.48) Now, Ebenezer Scrooge is actively trying to connect with those around him. He is patting the children on the head, not chasing them off with a ruler. Instead of being disgusted by, he is engaging, the beggars in conversation. Scrooge has morphed into a man who has a new lease on life and plans on doing good with what he has to offer. The transformation of Ebenezer Scrooge evolves after he is visited by three ghosts who help him to remember his past, reflect on his present situation, and make restitution and change so as change his future. This story of redemption is a wonderful message to us all, not only at Christmas time but throughout the entire year. We can be hopeful that it is never too late to change and to value what is truly important in ones life, the people that we love.